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c. SCHIELE. Lessening Friction of Rqbbing Surfaces.

Patented May 21, 1850;

STATES PATENT on IGE.

, CHRISTIAN SCHIELE, OF FRANKFORT, GERMANY.

FORM. OF RUBBING SURFACE FORIREGULATING ABRASION.

Specification of Letters Patent N 7,3851, dated May 21, 1850.

To aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN SGHIELE, nativeof the free city of Frankfort-cathe- Main, in Germany, and now residentin Manchester, county of Lancaster, in the United Kingdom of GreatBritain and Ireland, have invented a new and improved mode of lesseningthe friction orregulating the wear of such rubbing surfaces in machinery as act against each other like those of cocks or valves, pivotsof upright shafts, millstones, &c.; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description.

The nature of my invention consists in the application of a certaincurvedform to for rubbing surfaces of machinery, I observe the followingrules: 1. Where the pressure 1 acts exclusively in the direction of theaxes of such surfaces, I apply the form shown in Fig. 1, or one as muchlike it as is consistent the construction of cocks or valves, pivots,millstones or similar parts of machinery in general (where the? rubbingsurfaces. have to bear a pressure in the direction of their axes) inorder to lessen the friction or to regulate the wear of their rubbingsurfaces. To enable others, skilled in the art, to make and use myinvention, I will proceed to describe its practical application to theabove purposes.

I have attached to these presents three sheets of drawings, and havemarked: the

same with figures and letters of reference I valve for letting of thefluid from a boiler or corresponding with those in the followingdescription thereof:

Figure 1, represents such a curved form, the whole, or part, of. which Imake use of in the construction of cocks or valves, pivots of.

upright shafts, millstones, or such rubbing surfaces in machinery ingeneral, as have to bear a pressure in the direction of their axes. Thenature of the curved form which I use consists in having every tangentof the same length from the touching point on the curve to the axis ofthe curve.

Fig. 2, gives a descriptive View of an apparatus for describing such acurve on a horizontal surface.

a is a small wooden slide, to which the rod Z; is jointed by means of apin 0. d is a drawing pen aflixed to a slide or brush, which can bemoved upon the rod Z) to the proper distance for the curve required, andis kept in that and in a vertical position by a spring which fits in agroove. The direction of the sharp edge of the pen cZ is in a straightline to the pin 0.

e is a ruler, along the edge of which the slide a is to be guided. Ifthe slide a and rod 6 be so placed that the pin 0 shall be at f and thepen' d at the point the center line at therodb will then be over thedotted line 9 f at right angles with the dotted line Z n (representingthe axis of the curve to be drawn.) and ifthe slide a be then guidedalong: the edge of the ruler e the pin 0 will move; along the dottedline Z w, dragging the pen aZ, after it, the pen cZ, as it moves towarda position in the line Zn, will describe the curved line 9 72. m 0. i

f 9, Z it, m n, represent some of the tangents mentioned as being ofequal length. By the revolution of such a curve around its axis Z n, thecurved form as shown in Fig. 1 1 W111 be produced.

In the. application of the said curved form with the purposeu 2. Whenpart of the pressure is not in the direction of the axis, I commencewith that part of the curve, which, in its inclination to the axis wouldigive the. best resistance to the middle pressure of the combinedforces, or would stand at rightangles to the same.

Fig. 3, is a descriptive view of a cook or reservoir. The pressureacting here against the plug of the cock, tends to keep it tight. As themiddle pressureacts in an oblique direction to the axis, I commence withthat part of the curved form shown at Z) Fig. 1

Fig. 4, is a descriptive View of a journal of a: turning'lathe spindle.Here the pressure in the direction of theaxis is supposed to be lessthan the pressure from the side and the thicker part of the journalcommences with the inclination of the part c Fig. 1. i Fig. 5, shows theapplication of my invention to the journal and bearing of a regulator ona locomotive engine. The drawing gives a descriptive view, partly openedby section to show the ournal a and its bearing 5. In this applicationthe pressure is acting in an oblique direction toward the axis, and thethicker part of the journal has an inclination as at Z) in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a descriptive view of a pair of millstones and Fig. 7, is asectional elevation of the same, showing also the application of thecurved form to pivots of upright shafts. The lower pivot at i is supposed to bear pressure in the direction of its axis only and istherefore formed like Fig. 1, commencing at a. The top-pivot at h issupposed to bear about equal pressure from the side and from below inthe direction of its axis, and the inclination of its thicker part is asat b in Fig. 1.

For the construction of the rubbing surfaces of the millstones I take aninclination of about 45 (as at b Fig. 1) for the larger diameter, thisbeing generally sufiicient for the grain &c. to slide down. As Iconstruct the grinding mills with stones so formed, in a differentmanner from the usual mode, I annex the following description of thedrawings, without claiming this arrangement as my invention.

In Figs. 6, and 7 a is the upper or inner millstone, b the lower oroutside one; 0 is the spindle whereon a is fastened by means of a nutcl, which keeps the stone against the outer contour of the pulley(having some projections, as at f, for couplings.) The pulley restsagainst a collar 9 of the spindle 0. The pivots run in bearings h and i,which may be raised or lowered by screwing them up or down in the frames70 and Z. These frames are fastened to the larger stone by nuts t and'11 screwing on bolts u and to, which are fixed in the stone 6. m is anoilpot in communication with the lower pivot for greasing it. The oil,gathering in the hollow part of i, runs ofi through the pipe '21 whichis fixed in a hole marked by dotted lines on i. The bearings h and imust screw sufficiently tight in the frames for retaining the situationgiven to them or else they have to be fastened by means of stoppers orany suitable arrangement commonly made use of in similar cases. A canal0 in stone 6 around the stone a serves for receiving and keepingtogether the grain &c. It should never be allowed to fill up to the top.The space between the rubbing surfaces immediately adjoining the canal 0should open sufficiently to readily allow the entrance of the materialto be ground, which byits weight will be continually descending, untilit is sufliciently ground, when it will drop from the bottom end. Thefeeder must be directed into the canal 0. The shaking is effected asusual by a lever pressed against the damsel at p. This damsel is soconstructed as to be serviceable for putting in the stone and for takingit out. The whole is placed on supports 9 and 1", on which it ismovablev for drawing the driving band 8 as tight as may be required. Therate of revolutions should not be more than one half of'those commonlytaken.

In the pivots of upright shafts, m the plugs of cocks, in the bearingsof valves, or in any conical or plane bearing which sustains pressure inthe direction of its axis, the larger part of the circumference travelsover a greater surface, and at greater velocity, in its revolution, thanthe smaller part, consequently the amount of wear by friction isgreatest at the largest part and the bearing will become loose, and wearout of line, by which the friction will be increased; but a bearinghaving the profile of its rubbing surface of the form of a curve, fromany point of which, a tangent of a given length will touch the axis,will have the friction so distributed over its surface, by the directionin which each part receives its pressure, that however great the wearmay be, the rubbing surfaces will always be kept perfectly close, andthe axis always kept in line.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

The application of the curved form above described to the rubbingsurfaces of cocks or valves, pivots of upright shafts, millstones, orother parts of machinery in general, where the rubbing surfaces have tobear a pressure in the direction of their axes.

CHRISTIAN SCHIELE.

Witnesses F. I-IEssEMER, WM. REHMER.

